POLICY, STANDARDS, MANAGEMENT, AND ACQUISITION
Assessing
Training Transformation: Moving from Concept to Reality
The Joint
National Training Capability Mitigation Management Program
CREATING THE
JOINT TRAINING GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
Performance-Based
Financial and Budget Models for Navy Training Ranges
Achieving
Standardized Live-Virtual Constructive Test and Training Interactions via TENA
JOINT URBAN
OPERATIONS TRAINING TO ACHIEVE FULL SPECTRUM DOMINANCE
COCOMO and SCORM:
Cost Estimation Model for Web-Based Training
Norwegian Defense
ADL regulations, Good directions or just plain distractions
Assessment
Integrity: The Dark Side of Distributed Learning
Taking the
Mystery out of Information Assurance for the 21st Century Training Community
A DMON Cross
Domain Solution (CDS) for Recurring Team Training
Accreditation
Policy and Practice for Immersive Warfighter Simulators
The Theater Air
Ground System Synthetic Battlespace
Inserting Science
and Technology Into the Systems Acquisition Process
ADVANCING
SIMULATION REUSABILITY – REPORT ON NATO MSG-042 FINDINGS
Joint Automated
Modeling and Simulation Standards Vetting Tool And Repository
Assessing Training Transformation: Moving
from Concept to Reality
2006 Paper No. 2636 Annie Patenaude and Fred Hartman Office of the Secretary
of Defense (USD(P&R)) With the completion in 2005 of the first Block
Assessment of Training Transformation (T2), we can point to a successful
beginning on the road to transforming joint training - and the larger goal of
functioning as a key enabler for force transformation in DoD. The paper will
present the assessment process and results, which are not only valuable for
the impact on management of joint training but describe a methodology for
devising policy metrics. The Joint Assessment and Enabling Capability
(JAEC) in OSD assembled a team of operations research analysts and training
experts that developed four areas of assessment: (1) evaluation of program
accomplishments against goals in the T2 Implementation Plan; (2) review of
key initiatives that the T2 components have undertaken; (3) feedback from
stakeholders; and (4) evaluation against independent assessment metrics
identified by the study team. The Block Assessment
process and results illuminated the path for future assessments by defining
program and management recommendations. The paper will describe our process
for metric development, data gathering, and analysis. The final section will
describe how we implemented one of the recommendations from the assessment: a
persistent assessment framework to synchronize assessment activities at
T2-related organizations, including identifying the metrics and training
events being assessed. This paper
is available on the 2006 I/ITSEC CD ROM. Order
it from I/ITSEC'S Website. |
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The Joint National Training Capability
Mitigation Management Program
2006 Paper No. 2846 Lt Col Jeffrey Flory, Mr. David Carter US Joint Forces Command Dynamics Research
Corporation The Joint National
Training Capability (JNTC) mitigation program is designed to improve joint
training by providing a process that contributes to the full accreditation of
training programs and certification of training sites and systems. Training programs of the Combatant Commands
and Services are nominated to be accredited to conduct training on Joint
Tasks, thereby providing a more realistic and consistent joint
environment. In a similar manner, sites
are nominated for certification to insure that the associated sites and
systems support/supply the joint context required for program
accreditation. The JNTC mitigation
program is designed to correct issues and shortfalls identified in the
accreditation and certification processes.
The mitigation management process directs JNTC investments to correct
these issues and shortfalls by providing reviews and prioritization of
issues. Mitigation of these issues in
a timely, efficient, and effective manner is critical to success of the
overall effort to increase the delivery of Joint training to forces more
frequently and at as many venues as feasible.
The mitigation program tracks an issue or shortfall from its inception
through the development and analysis of solutions and budget application, to
the fielding of the solution and the post-fielding assessment. The JNTC budget is designed to provide
funding for resolving gaps and seams, thus the mitigation management program
is designed to provide oversight and assist in reaching solutions. This paper provides an overview of
accreditation and certification procedures, and provides details on the
management of mitigation issues that arise during accreditation and certification
reviews. This paper
is available on the 2006 I/ITSEC CD ROM. Order
it from I/ITSEC'S Website. |
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CREATING THE JOINT TRAINING GLOBAL
ENVIRONMENT
2006 Paper No. 2738 Booz Allen Hamilton USAF USJFCOM / JWFC The
President, Congress, and Secretary of Defense have told the military it must
transform to maintain the Order
it from I/ITSEC'S Website. |
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Performance-Based Financial and Budget
Models for Navy Training Ranges
2006 Paper No. 2468 Michael E. McDevitt & Brian W. Kudrna CACI International Inc
(CACI) Naval Air Systems
Command (NAVAIR) The purpose of this paper is to provide a high
level summary of the performance-based budget models being developed for
Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) Ranges. An initial proof-of concept (POC)
was built for the Electronic Combat “Echo” Range at the The move away from Level-of-Effort (LOE) based
budgets for NAVAIR range activities was predicated on the Chief of Naval
Operations (CNO) mandate for performance-based models. Additionally, the
effort supports cost-wise-readiness approaches to providing training and T&E
support services. The budget model is based on the level of services provided
at a facility and allows for robust what-if analysis. In the short term, the
models can be used to respond to budget reduction drills. In the long term,
the models can be used to assess operations and policy changes and their
effects on future year budgets. The model is based on
both internal and external customer demand for Training and T&E support
services. … This paper
is available on the 2006 I/ITSEC CD ROM. Order
it from I/ITSEC'S Website. |
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Achieving Standardized Live-Virtual
Constructive Test and Training Interactions via TENA
2006 Paper No. 2900 DRS Training &
Control Systems, Inc Northrop Grumman FAAC Incorporated Various implementations of Live, Virtual, and
Constructive (L-V-C) interactions have been demonstrated across numerous test and training ranges over the past few years. However, the virtual world remains largely
disconnected from everyday live test and training activities. The Test and Training Enabling Architecture
(TENA) standard being adopted by the soon to be fielded P5 Combat Training
System and the next generation Enhanced Range Application Program presents a
host of possibilities for standardized live virtual interactions. The Air Forces Combat Air Force (CAF)
Distributed Mission Operations (DMO) Office, responsible for a distributed,
interoperable, high fidelity, global training solution for
virtual-constructive Mission Training Systems, is currently implementing a
TENA interface as part of their DIS-HLA Portal solution. This TENA Portal has the potential to link
the P5 CTS, EnRAP and DMT systems via a standard TENA interface. This paper identifies,
reviews, and analyzes the current DMO L-V-C effort and near term
opportunities to … This paper
is available on the 2006 I/ITSEC CD ROM. Order
it from I/ITSEC'S Website. |
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JOINT URBAN OPERATIONS TRAINING TO ACHIEVE
FULL SPECTRUM DOMINANCE
2006 Paper No. 2933 Full Spectrum Dominance,
the key term in Joint Vision 2020, is the ultimate goal of our military
forces, now and in the future. The ability to operate unilaterally or in
combination with multinational and interagency partners, to defeat any
adversary and control any situation across the full range of military
operations is the principle. The complexity of Joint Urban Operations (JUO)
is the ideal training medium to achieve Full Spectrum Dominance. JUO Training
focusing on Expeditionary Forces in a Joint Interagency Intergovernmental and
Multinational (JIIM) context and enhanced by the Live, Virtual, and
Constructive (LVC) capabilities of the Joint National Training Capability
(JNTC) provides the most realistic full spectrum operations training
scenarios. The Joint Task Force Headquarters (JTFHQs) and Interoperable
Forces must train and plan for the full operational spectrum. Forming the JTF, planning for and training
to conduct Forced Entry, Major Combat Operations, Humanitarian Assistance,
Peace Operations, and Homeland Defense/Homeland Security (HLD/HLS) provide
the commander with initial mission selection. Joint Forces must also be
prepared to execute Stability, Security, Transition, and Reconstruction
(SSTR) operations. These operations are highlighted by
Interagency/Multinational considerations, governance, and the “Three Block
War”. The transformation of the joint force to reach full spectrum dominance
rests upon our ability to train in and manipulate the most complex
environment, infrastructure, populace and information. Joint Urban Operations
Training provides the scenarios and complexity to attain Full Spectrum
Dominance. The briefing provides a
view of JUO and Full Spectrum Dominance and how the combination of the two
creates a Joint Force that Achieves Warfighting Excellence. This paper
is available on the 2006 I/ITSEC CD ROM. Order
it from I/ITSEC'S Website. |
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COCOMO and SCORM: Cost Estimation Model for
Web-Based Training
2006 Paper No. 2474 Mike Garnsey and Lacey Edwards Sparta, Inc. General Dynamics Joint ADL Co-Lab The Sharable Content Object Reference Model
(SCORM) provides a framework that enables standardized delivery and reuse of
content for web-based training courses.
In March 2002, the Office of the Secretary of Defense issued the Training
Transformation Strategic Plan, which emphasized the need for Advanced
Distributed Learning (ADL) and implementation standards like SCORM. In the next five years the The Constructive SCORM
Cost Model (COSCOMO) algorithm applies the concepts behind the Constructive
Cost Model (COCOMO) software cost estimation algorithm to SCORM-conformant
courseware development projects. This unique new algorithm addresses cost
factors such as the size of the project, experience of the team, … This paper
is available on the 2006 I/ITSEC CD ROM. Order
it from I/ITSEC'S Website. |
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Norwegian Defense ADL regulations, Good
directions or just plain distractions
2006 Paper No. 2607 LtCdr. Geir Isaksen, and Major Arne Broberg NoDADL Section The paper introduces the Norwegian defence
(NoD) Advanced distributed learning (ADL) Regulations published early in
2006. After many years of “lawlessness” regarding development and
implementation of training, simulation and e-learning defined as ADL, NoD ADL
Centre (NoDADLC) was given a task to determine and develop regulations that
would release benefits such as reusability, durability, interoperability,
affordability and accessibility of all national defence ADL courses. The time was long overdue to determine
national standards and regulations on how to develop and implement ADL within
the Norwegian Defence. Up to early 2005 NoD implemented ADL courses that only
played on one system, had none or very low reusability, had no lifetime plan,
are were not searchable and retrievable. The ADL regulations addresses
specific issues such as the use of training need analysis (TNA), technical
standards (SCORM, LMS), pedagogical standards and an implementation method.
All of these standards and regulations are determined so that all NoD courses
for instance can be published directly on the national defence LMS. Based on the evaluation
during the spring 2006 the paper discusses how the regulations are received
among the target group in the Norwegian armed forces and the practical use of
the regulations. The questions is does the directive give good and long
demanded regulations and guidance or does it just create disturbance which is
to no benefit for the Norwegian Defence and their ADL developers and users? This paper
is available on the 2006 I/ITSEC CD ROM. Order
it from I/ITSEC'S Website. |
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Assessment Integrity: The Dark Side of
Distributed Learning
2006 Paper No. 2744 Kirk W. McCullough & Marsha M. Jurewicz Computer Sciences
Corporation The initial development of Distributed
Learning took the approach of trying to put first books, and then classrooms
onto the Web. During the first decade of Web-based instruction, we have
learned that some classroom benefits did not repurpose well, and because of
that, some classroom problems were magnified on the Web. This article puts forth a
baseline describing dimensions of on-line testing integrity. It will describe
some reasons cheating continues to rise, some methods by which assessment
integrity can be violated, and their countermeasures and relative costs.
Ensuring the integrity of on-line testing differs from the normal problem of
ensuring data integrity. The line where collaboration becomes unethical needs
to be clearly understood. This paper is a foundation for determining
acceptable levels of risk for integrity measures that should be applied in
specific learning instances. This paper
is available on the 2006 I/ITSEC CD ROM. Order
it from I/ITSEC'S Website. |
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Taking the Mystery out of Information Assurance
for the 21st Century Training Community
2006 Paper No. 2611 MTS Technologies PEO STRI NAVAIR, Orlando Information Assurance (IA) is one of the most
overlooked yet critical aspects of any Information Technology (IT) system.
Although IA applies to every IT system, we will focus on its application to
simulators and any IT powered training device connecting to a DoD network. IA
is the overarching process consisting of Computer/Network/Data/Information
Security. If IA is built into every training and education system, and
maintained throughout its life cycle, it is guaranteed to lower compromising
threats to DoD assets. This paper will take the
mystery out of IA, system security engineering, and the security
Certification and Accreditation (C&A) process from both government and
industry perspectives. It will provide proven solutions to achieve C&A on
any system under differing conditions and time frames, and document the
process of IA using proven systems security engineering processes, the DoD
Information Technology Security Certification and Accreditation Process
(DITSCAP), and the documentation strategy of using the System Security… This paper
is available on the 2006 I/ITSEC CD ROM. Order
it from I/ITSEC'S Website. |
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A DMON Cross Domain Solution (CDS) for
Recurring Team Training
2006 Paper No. 2775 Bonnie Danner, CISSP and Bruce McGregor Northrop Grumman Robust multi-level
security (MLS) and compartmented security cross domain solutions (CDS) are
necessary to achieve the Distributed Mission Operations (DMO) vision to have
warfighters train as they fight. This
paper describes achievements and challenges for a Distributed Mission
Operations Network (DMON) cross domain production capability to be
implemented in December 2006. This
paper addresses the key technical and policy challenges for a guard-based CDS
implementation. There are significant
steps required for a new simulation guard application to achieve Protection
Level 3 security certification and accreditation (C&A) in accordance with
Joint Air Force, Army Navy (JAFAN) 6/3 security guidance. This paper describes the processes
performed, the technical and policy achievement applying lessons learned for
guard implementation and the associated certification and accreditation activities. This paper
is available on the 2006 I/ITSEC CD ROM. Order
it from I/ITSEC'S Website. |
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Accreditation Policy and Practice for
Immersive Warfighter Simulators
2006 Paper No. 2999 Headquarters Air Combat
Command Langley AFB, VA Immersive simulators are
needed for substantive joint warfighter training, yet the policies and
practices which can help ascertain the accuracy and credibility of these
complex systems are not well developed. This paper uses an ongoing effort by
Air Combat Command to modify its simulator accreditation process for fighter,
bomber, and C2ISR simulators as an example of the challenges in developing
appropriate validation and accreditation policies for warfighter training.
The paper will review current verification, validation, and accreditation
(VV&A) policies and practices in the academic, Department of Defense, and
Federal Aviation Agency domains as well as the Air Force simulation
certification program. While necessary, these policies and practices are not
sufficient for judging the credibility of flight simulators when the purpose
of the simulator training is expanded to mission-level knowledge and skills.
By focusing on the purpose of DMO simulators are expressed in the concepts of
immersiveness, instructional integration, and interoperability, we can
collect more evidence for accreditation decisions. The paper concludes with
recommendations on areas of further research and policy refinements. This paper
is available on the 2006 I/ITSEC CD ROM. Order
it from I/ITSEC'S Website. |
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The Theater Air Ground System Synthetic
Battlespace
2006 Paper No. 2552 HQ ACC A3YC (General
Dynamics Contr Sup) Langley AFB, VA HQ USAF A3OY (General
Dynamics Contr Sup) The Theater Air Ground System (TAGS) elements
have no persistent common synthetic battlespace in which to train. Because the TAGS includes
the operational and tactical levels of war, it requires vertical and
horizontal systems integration within components and between components. This has long been a training challenge due
to limitations on exercises, ranges, and airspace allowing the live
participation of air and ground forces.
Planning, coordinating, tasking, controlling, and assessing can be the
hardest aspects of Joint operations, yet we do not have the continuation
training tools to enable us to do this regularly and affordably. Relying solely on large-scale Joint
training events is too expensive, infrequent, and can lead to readiness
shortfalls and operational risk. This paper will define an
initiative that will leverage systems integration of ongoing Joint Live,
Virtual and Constructive simulation for TAGS training to include each
Service’s distributed command and control (C2) training network and the Joint
National Training Capability (JNTC).
It will focus on multi-Service efforts in developing a Joint Theater
Air Ground Simulation System (JTAGSS) to link horizontal and vertical
simulation elements of the C2 kill chain.
This includes Joint Terminal Attack Controllers (JTACS), Joint Fires
Observers (JFOs), Air Support Operations Centers (ASOC), Fire Support Cells
(FSC) and eventually to Joint Air Operations Centers (JAOC) for persistent
Joint and component training. … This paper
is available on the 2006 I/ITSEC CD ROM. Order
it from I/ITSEC'S Website. |
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Inserting Science and Technology Into the
Systems Acquisition Process
2006 Paper No. 2937 Office of Naval Research Office, Deputy Chief of
Naval Operations Amy Bolton Strategic Analysis Inc. One of the most pressing
challenges facing managers of basic science, applied research and advanced
technology is inserting the knowledge, components and products produced in
Science and Technology (S&T) programs into acquisition programs of
record. Over the past decade, the US Navy and Marine Corps have had several
documented successes in merging basic S&T products into the DoD
acquisition process. In this paper, the Office of Naval Research’s Virtual
Technologies and Environments (VIRTE) program is presented as a successful
case study for how scientific exploration and advanced technology development
can be integrated with the systems acquisition process to provide today’s
Warfighter with validated, effective training tools. Over six years, the
VIRTE program focused on using a modified form of the Instructional System
Design (ISD) process combined with management oversight techniques such as
Virtual Product Teams and Intermediate Feasibility Experiments, to develop
Virtual Environment based solutions to target a range of US Navy and Marine
Corps training gaps. The process was adapted from elements of the DoDI 5000.2
Acquisition Management Framework, particularly those that deal with User
Needs and Technology Opportunities at the Pre-Systems Acquisition stage…. This paper
is available on the 2006 I/ITSEC CD ROM. Order
it from I/ITSEC'S Website. |
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ADVANCING SIMULATION REUSABILITY – REPORT
ON NATO MSG-042 FINDINGS
2006 Paper No. 2685 In many cases, the
training and decision support needs of military users are urgent; operations
cannot wait and missions have to be accomplished. Simulators, wargames
scenarios and experiments should be ready 'yesterday'. New kinds of
operations, environments, tactics, equipment and force configurations
challenge our simulation capacities. To mitigate the cost impact and meet the
time sensitive requirements, the M&S community has to be 'ready in
advance'. This objective may be brought nearer by reusing resources that have
been previously developed, possibly by external organizations, and
reconfiguring and assembling these resources according to the current needs.
Today, more than ever, warfighting excellence is related to the level of
reusability of M&S resources. … This paper
is available on the 2006 I/ITSEC CD ROM. Order
it from I/ITSEC'S Website. |
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Joint Automated Modeling and Simulation
Standards Vetting Tool And Repository
2006 Paper No. 2481 Air Force Agency for
Modeling and Simulation Northrop Grumman
Corporation The Air Force (AF) was
the only service without a functioning standards program for its Modeling and
Simulation (M&S) initiative. This
produced an ineffective M&S program which suffered from its inability to
effectively integrate live, virtual and constructive simulations within the
AF training centers and externally with inter-service, Joint and industrial
M&S agencies. To address this
operational and technical problem, the Air Force Agency for Modeling &
Simulation (AFAMS) envisioned and worked with its sister-Services, the
Defense Modeling and Simulation Office (DMSO), and the Joint National
Training Capability (JNTC) to implement an integrated, collaborative M&S
standards program that dove tailed with all Services, Department of Defense
(DoD) and Joint M&S standards activities.
AFAMS’ design included a cross-cutting common M&S organization
structure, an implementation plan, a common vetting process and a web-based
collaborative vetting and repository tool.
Their program was selected as the common, integrated DoD/Joint M&S
standards program. When fully
employed, all DoD M&S organizations will use the AF M&S standards
program for nominating, evaluating and advocating common and effective
M&S standards for community use.
The effect will be immediate and significant as the traditional three
to five year M&S standards vetting process will be reduced to months
resulting in a significant cost savings.
Furthermore, the DoD-wide, common integrated approach for vetting
M&S standards will significantly enhance information sharing to improve
validated standards use, reuse and composability. This paper
is available on the 2006 I/ITSEC CD ROM. Order
it from I/ITSEC'S Website. |
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